Inherited Kidney Diseases: Types, Symptoms, and Management

Inherited kidney diseases are genetic disorders that can impair kidney function over time. Dr. Tanmay Mukherjee, a renowned nephrologist and renal transplant physician in Kolkata, explains the common types, symptoms, and management options for these conditions.

Types of Inherited Kidney Diseases

1. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): One of the most common inherited kidney disorders, PKD causes numerous cysts to develop in the kidneys, leading to progressive kidney failure.

2. Alport Syndrome: This genetic condition affects the kidneys, eyes, and hearing, often leading to kidney disease by adolescence or early adulthood.

3. Fabry Disease: A rare inherited disorder where fatty substances build up in the body, causing kidney damage, heart issues, and chronic pain.

4. Nephronophthisis: A genetic disorder that causes scarring of kidney tissue, ultimately leading to kidney failure in children and young adults.

Symptoms of Inherited Kidney Diseases

• Fatigue: Due to the kidneys' inability to filter waste properly.

• Swelling (Edema): In the legs, ankles, or face due to fluid retention.

• Blood in the Urine: A sign of kidney damage.

• High Blood Pressure: Often linked to impaired kidney function.

• Frequent Urination: Particularly during the night.

Management and Treatment

Though inherited kidney diseases can’t be cured, effective management can slow progression:

• Medications: To control blood pressure, manage symptoms, and reduce cyst growth in PKD.

• Dietary Changes: Low-sodium, low-protein diets to reduce the strain on kidneys.

• Regular Monitoring: Routine blood and urine tests to track kidney function.

• Kidney Transplant: In severe cases, kidney transplantation may be needed to restore kidney function.

Dr. Tanmay Mukherjee specializes in the comprehensive care and management of inherited kidney diseases, helping patients maintain a better quality of life.